this video is sponsored by expressvpn hey everyone
michael alm here so this week i'm going back into frame making last week we made the picture frame
sled right here and this week i wanted to talk about the basics i was realizing that i've made
four videos on frame making already on my channel but i've never made one about making a basic
picture frame and this is the style that i'm gonna be talking about this style i like to call
the gallery frame this is what you're gonna see in a lot of art galleries this is my bread and butter
when i'm working with clients i make this all the time the other thing that i wanted to cover is
how to properly measure your artwork for a frame this is something that is often overlooked and
it's an incredibly important step i've made these worksheets available for you guys whenever i make
a picture frame i will fill this entire form out just to make sure that i don't get confused on the
measurements because oftentimes when i'm making picture frames i'm making like 10 or 15 of them
and this keeps all those measurements straight i'm going to go through all the details so
stick around and i'll show you how it's done before i start measuring the artwork to
fit into the frame i like to choose what mount i want for that art piece a mount is just
basically how the artwork fits into the frame there's three main categories of this there's the
matted where you put a matte board surround on the piece of artwork there's the float mount where
it floats in the middle of a matte board backer and then there is the flush mount which is where
the art piece actually fits inside of the frame just note that if you're going to
do a flush mount you'll lose about a quarter inch on all sides of the art piece so make
sure that the art piece is appropriate for that next step is to start measuring the artwork
and for that i've got this worksheet which is available for free on my website so make sure
you download that it makes it a lot easier these are the art pieces that we're going to be framing
and the first one is this little six inch by six inch piece by zoe keller i've got a section up
there for the title and then you can fill out the basic art size the visible area is exactly what
it sounds like it's the area that will be seen and so for a matted piece you would have
the mat covering the piece of artwork now i'm going to be float mounting this piece so i
don't need to worry about that the visible area is going to be exactly the same size as the art piece
because you're going to see the entire art piece so now i can move down to the mounting section the
mounting section you just choose one of the three categories and then you transfer your math down
below so six inches by six inches from the visible area category and then you add in your reveal
this is however much exposure you want on all four sides i do the four sides individually because
sometimes you want a little extra weight at the bottom so you just add those numbers together get
eight and a half by eight and a half and then i can transfer that down to the framing area so when
it comes to the frame internal dimensions the id you want a little extra space in there you
want a little bit of wiggle room so that um so that it doesn't bind inside of the frame
i like to add either a 16th or an eighth inch and and then i can continue down the worksheet
the rest of the framing area is just basically what you're going to put inside of the frame
whether you're going to use plexiglass or glass spacers what kind of mat you're going to use
and we're going to get into the details of all those parts in a little bit the main thing
in this section is you're establishing the minimum depth of the frame so that you don't make
a frame that's too shallow to hold the artwork and then i like to draw a little profile
in the bottom right hand corner so that i have a quick reference guide for all
the measurements when i go to mill it up all right that's one down and i'm gonna do
a couple more real quick just so that you guys can see how how simple this really is
so for this piece it's seven by five inches there's a little bit of depth to
it there's an eighth of an inch and then it's going to be a flush mount which
for flush mount i still say the visible size is the same seven inches by five inches circle
that seven inches by five inches there's no reveal on it so it's again seven inches by five inches
flush mounts really the easiest to measure for and then the frame id i add that eighth of an inch
so that i have a little bit extra slack in there and then i go down the rest of the sheet fill out
all the different parts and stuff and draw out my frame profile that's it it's pretty quick i think
each piece takes about five minutes to measure out just so we've got all the bases covered i'm going
to quickly go over what it's like to measure out a matted piece and so this one's already matted
obviously but i can show you how it was measured so i did the basic art size which is the actual
outside area then i determine what of that artwork i want to be seen and then that becomes the
visible area from that visible area i decide on my reveal the matting of this is consistently
two inches on each side and on the top but on the bottom they've added a little bit of extra weight
which is another three eighths so it's two inches two and three eighths then another two inches
two inches and then you add all those numbers up and you get your outside dimension take
that outside dimension once again add an eighth to it and then fill out the rest of the
form like you did before it's it's super easy so now that everything is measured i can
remove the artwork from the room which i like to do because i don't want to damage
it at all i'll then take all of those sheets that i created and i'll condense them down into
like one super sheet where all the information that i need for milling is on there i'm gonna be
using three different species of wood on these frames i'm gonna be using white oak ash and walnut
and i'm gonna cut them down to appropriate sizes so that i'm not dealing with super long lengths
because these really aren't that big of frames all right when starting the milling process you
really are just looking at the outside of the profile so i'm going to cut them to height and
to width and batch out hopefully more than i need with those all milled to size i can start
thinking about the rabbit and for that i like to use these setup bars from rockler
super handy have they come in all sorts of different sizes the standard for a rabbit on
a frame is a quarter inch by a quarter inch i move all the frame parts back over to the
table saw and set them up so that they're milled in the right direction this is your chance
to choose what side of the frame is shown on top and sometimes there's a knot in the middle
of a board or something like that and you want to hide that either
on the inside or on the bottom to complete the rabbet i can raise the table saw
blade up to height and then trim out the excess i have two different width frames that i need
to mill up and in order to do that i shift the table saw blade over and start milling
those other sections while those are being milled let's talk about this week's sponsor
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expressvpn.comfab again that's expressvpn.comfab alright so that is your basic picture frame
profile and for most of these i'm just going to leave them as is they're great for a couple
of them the ones that i made a little bit wider i'm actually going to use the router table
on them and add a bit of a decorative edge i've made this profile frame many times in
my shop and i really like it a lot it's super simple i just use a 3 8 diameter round nose bit
set into my my router lift so it's it's just peeking over the edge of the top of
the table so you get the full radius then i set the fence so it's right in the
middle of that bit so you're only getting half of the bit exposed and that creates a nice
little bead on that front edge of the frame with all the frame parts made i can
stack them with the appropriate sheets and bring those over to the table saw now on the
worksheet you're going to be looking for frame id that's the interior dimension of the frame and
that's what you're going to set the shuttle on the jig too once the shuttle's set you
can just start cutting out those parts once you have the first size cut you can ship the
shuttle over to the next size and then cut that as well the beauty of this system is that now it's
pretty mindless you're just copying the things that you have on the sheets and as long as you get
those dimensions right it should come out perfect after a brief break to enjoy the rainstorm i
was ready to glue up all the frame sections i used the blue tape method and as someone
pointed out in the notes last time you don't actually have to use blue tape
for this but this is a super handy trick to securing your frames
without a whole bunch of clamps with the frames all glued up it's time to add
splines splining is a way of reinforcing a miter it's uh basically cutting through the miter
that you just glued up the miter itself is not inherently that strong because it's basically
an end grain to end grain glue up but it is uh it's really easy to cut splines into it and i just
have this super simple spline jig i don't really have a video on it there's a bunch of different
designs for spline jigs but if you guys would like to see me make a video on how to make this
spine jig let me know in the comments down below for the thinner frames i like to just
add one spline for this taller frame i think it looks better and
it's a lot stronger with two so now that we have the holes cut for
the splines we need to cut the splines themselves and for that i'm going to be using
this thin rib jig from rockler this thing's super handy and it makes it a lot safer to
cut really thin strips on your table saw the way that this jig works is it
basically acts as a marker so that you know where to lock down the fence of your table
saw every time so it's cutting an eighth inch on the left-hand side of the blade away from
the fence as opposed to in towards the fence so you see here i cut the first strip
out and then i can move the board back adjust the fence to that mark
and then i can cut a second strip the fit that you're looking for is tight but
not super tight if it's too tight it'll end up swelling when you put glue on it and you won't
be able to get it completely seated in the joint i don't know why but i find splining
really meditative i did this a ton when i worked at the frame shop and it's
still something that i really really enjoy there's a bunch of different
ways to trim splines you can use a router table you can use a
bandsaw i like to use a pole saw this takes a little bit of practice but by the
time you've done four or five of them you'll definitely get the hang of it the main thing
is you don't want to cut into the frame and so you can cheat outward a little bit and leave a
little bit of excess out there to sand away later as you probably guessed the next step is sanding
and i like to hand sand these smaller frames they have a tendency to get distorted if you use a
palm sander some people are adept enough to use the palm sander on this stuff i definitely am not
so i like to hand sand i use a bunch of different sanding blocks and stuff to just get into all the
little areas of the frame i'm also very cautious about the corners of the frame i don't want
to cross over that grain with this is 120 grit it's just really hard to get those grit lines out
and so it's better to be cautious on the front end than have to repair on the back end all the frames
that get a water-based finish i will raise the grain between each grit of sandpaper i just use
a wet rag for this it pulls that grain up so that when i introduce the water-based finish later
the grain isn't going to raise in that finish all right so all the frames are
sanded up and they're ready for finish if you want to learn more about
woodworking finishes i've done a complete video outlining all the finishes that i use in my
shop and i'll leave a link for that right here for dark frames i really like to use an oil-based
finish this is armor seal and i've had a lot of success with it it looks great on walnut
it really brings out the depth of that wood for the small black ink drawing
i thought it would be fun to use a black ink finish this is india ink and it is
really really black it's great for darkening all sorts of different types of wood i really
like it on open grain woods like walnuts and oaks the main thing is to make sure you get it fully
saturated so it gets into the depths of the pores after that i apply a coat of general finishes
armor seal and it's ready to hang up to dry for the remaining frames i want them
to stay nice and light in color so i'm using a water-based polyurethane this is
the same stuff that i use on my pattern plywood i like it a lot it doesn't darken anything
it doesn't yellow it's it's a great finish after applying three coats to every
frame i was ready to fit and for this i'm just using plexiglass i like
plexiglass more than glass because it doesn't shatter it's easy to work
with and you can cut it on a table saw when it comes to fitting frames the main
thing that you want to keep in mind is what is archival and what isn't archival just
means that it doesn't contain acids and it won't damage the piece over time you've probably seen
a piece that is yellowed from the backer or the mat board itself has yellowed just make sure that
whatever is coming into contact with the artwork is archival you can use cardboard backers but as
long as there's a piece of mat board in between that is archival you should be good i'm mounting
this piece to a piece of archival foam core and i'm using a linen hinge tape i will
post links down below to all these materials the main thing with the linen hinge tape is it
is archival and it is water soluble so it can be removed from the artwork later on down the line if
necessary you apply the hinge tape by folding over one side you put the broad side down to your
backer and the smaller side to the art piece this stuff works like a stamp you basically just
apply a little bit of water and stick it down one thing that i don't think i'm going to have
time for in this video is talking about cutting mats but i will show you how to apply a piece to
a mat you basically just add two pieces of that hinge tape across the top and you want to make
sure that it it's only hinged on the top this goes for all of these you want to make sure that
there's room for expansion and contraction because if you put it on all four corners there's a
good chance that it'll buckle in the center when using plexiglas it always has this static
charge which is so annoying when you're in a wood shop and all it wants to do is attract
sawdust there are cleaning products out there that de-status size and clean the surface of
the plexiglas it's really essential to use a plexiglass cleaner with plexiglass because a
lot of other cleaners will scratch the surface spacers so these are spacers and these are the
professional kind these are the ones that you will find in a professional frame shop you
can buy them online but if you don't want to pick these up they're a little bit on the pricey
side you can always use scrap pieces of wood with double-sided tape on the back of it or you can
even use that archival foam core scraps from that there's a lot of ways to work around this the
nice thing about the professional stuff is it already has a sticky back on it and it's already
cut to size the reason you use a spacer is to make sure that the artwork doesn't come in contact with
the plexiglas certain types of pieces will be more inherent to stick to the plexiglass or the glass
and sometimes it'll even cause mildew or mold so you want to make sure that you have a nice air
gap in between the artwork and whatever glazing you're using if you have a mat around your
piece of artwork you don't need a spacer that is basically functioning as a spacer spacers tend
to be used more for float mounts or flush mounts with the frame prepped and everything ready
to go i can pop the artwork into the frame and then i use this little point shooter to
shoot points into the inside of the frame this is another thing that is especially
tool they're not super expensive i'll post a link down below you can get away with with
nails there are press in things but really the point shooter if you're gonna do more
than a couple frames it's worth investing in all right so there you go that is the basics
of making picture frames if you've got any questions feel free to ask them in the comments
down below again you can pick up the worksheet on my website i've got links down below as well
as links to all artists that i featured here big thank you to my patreon supporters you
guys are awesome the patreon continues to grow i'm super appreciative you give me
a lot of motivation to keep making videos every single month thanks so much
and i'll catch you in the next one bye
